Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

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Introduction

Forensic medicine and Toxicology is the branch of medical science which applies the medical knowledge in administration of justice. Injustice causes a great mental, social, spiritual and also physical trauma and this branch participates in prevention and healing of that trauma of grieved person. Thus, we may also say that it is involved in treatment by facilitating administration of justice.

The department of FMT, AIIMS Patna, has been rendering its services since 2013 when the first faculty of the department, Dr Binay Kumar joined as Assistant Professor and managed the department for 5 years as head of the department till 2018. The department has been proceeding on the path of development under his ample guidance and leadership. Thereafter, Dr Amit Patil; possessing an enthusiastic, energetic and dynamic personality, joined as Additional Professor and took the charge of next head of the department.

Professor Dr Manoj Kumar joined the department as Professor in the year 2020 and later on took the responsibility of Head of the department. The department is progressing under his leadership and being benefitted by his vast knowledge. He left the institution in the year 2022 after serving for two years.

Presently Dr (Prof) Amit Patil is the Head of the department, he Is an enthusiastic, energetic, and dynamic personality, visionary and department progressing for the best facility and service to the people.

MBBS teaching along with training of SR, JR and tutors have taken place and still taking place in the department. MD (FMT) course started in the department from January 2019 session and two Junior Residents (Academic) joined in January 2019 session, one in July 2019 session, one in January 2020 session, one in July 2020 session, two Junior Residents (Academic) joined in January 2021 session, two Junior Residents (Academic) joined in July 2021 session and one Junior Residents (Academic) joined in January 2022 session.

Clinical forensic medicine services by the department started on 2nd of January 2020 and the department is looking after the legal issues comprised by clinical forensic medicine related to persons visiting AIIMS Patna for diagnosis, management and treatment purposes. We are giving medicolegal opinion to the admitted patients related to police case for the justice.

Permission to start post-mortem examination services was granted to the department in 2020 and 10 (ten) police stations of Patna district were earmarked as its jurisdiction. Inaugural function of post mortem examination services was ceremonised by the department on 8th of January 2021 and the un-interrupted service is being provided by the department since 10th of January, 2021.

Department is actively involved in assisting the Human rights Commission, Police, C.B.I. and C.I.D. etc. in dealing with medicolegal issues. Disability board and other medical boards are also being assisted by the department.

There is proposal of establishing a separate histopathology laboratory, we also have proposal to use artificial intelligence in medicolegal cases like autopsy for diagnosis and giving frank opinion related to death and we are also progressing towards virtual autopsy for forensic investigations and the establishment of the same is in process. We are looking for a state of art forensic medicine department at AIIMS Patna which will pose an example to other national and international institutions.

In view of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and the crisis arising thereby, the institute administration conferred upon the department the responsibility of management of each and every death case occurring due to COVID-19 at AIIMS Patna, and also the after death management of the deceased bodies in dignified manner. The department has been efficiently managing the same since 24.03.2020. The department has also developed Standard Operating Procedure for the dignified management of dead bodies of suspected as well as confirmed cases of COVID-19. In this way, we are dealing with Humanitarian Forensics too.

  1. HOD Chamber.
  2. Faculty room- 2.
  3. SR/JR/Intern room- 6.
  4. Library-cum-seminar room- 1.
  5. Demonstration room- 1.
  6. Medico-legal examination room- 1.
  7. Office room- 1.
  8. Store-cum-record room- 1.
  9. Laboratory block- 1.
  10. Mortuary block- 1.

Building for Undergraduate library, Museum and Specialised Forensic laboratory has been newly constructed.

The department is involved in multiferous activities like teaching, training and research. The faculty members of the department are providing valuable contribution as member of different institute committees and administrative as well as academic bodies. The department is providing clinical forensic medicine service, post-mortem examination service and dignified management of dead bodies of COVID-19. Apart from these activities, the department provides valuable opinion in medico-legal issues referred to it by the medical board, different investigating authorities, human-right commission and Honourable courts.

Teaching/Training
  • Teaching and training of MBBS students.
  • Training of Junior Residents non-academic.
  • Teaching and training of post graduate junior residents.
  • Lecture cum awareness programme for faculties and senior residents of the institute on medico-legal cases.
  • Training of employees of the institute and also other institutes on dignified management of COVID-19 dead bodies.
  • Medico-legal consultancy to clinicians/physicians of the institute.

SL No.Name of FacultyDesignation

The Department medicolegal work a daily 24/7every day.

  1. Clinical forensic medicine
  2. Open cavity embalming in medicolegal cases.

Research Projects (Completed):-

  1. Trends of Sex related crime against women in Patna Region with emphasis on its medicolegal aspects. Dr Rohit Raj Singh. Start date 09.11.2021.
  2. Medico-legal study of pattern of injuries in road traffic accidents and its correlation with the cause of death. Dr Nilabh Prasad Singh. Start date 01.04.2021.
  3. Comparison of Demographic Profile of COVID-19 Death in Between first and second wave of disease at AIIMS Patna. Dr Binay Kumar, Dr. Manoj Kumar, Dr Nawal Kumar Singh, Dr. Nilabh Prasad Singh, Dr. Ashok Kumar Rastogi, Dr. Nikhil Goel. Start Date:31/05/2021
  4. Importance of crime scene visit by forensic medicine expert, A survey based study. Dr Binay Kumar, Dr. Shreepriya T. Sudhakar, Dr. Nawal Kumar Singh, Dr. Nilabh Prasad Singh. Sent for IEC on 21/10/2021.
  5. Determination of finger prints patterns and its association with the blood group and Gender at AIIMS, Patna. Dr Ashok Kumar Rastogi (PI), Dr Nikhil Goel, Start date 23.09.2019, Submitted on 01/02/2022.
  6. Assessment of sexual abuse pattern and awareness among the undergraduate students at tertiary care institute AIIMS Patna (Bihar) India. Dr Ashok K Rastogi, Dr Prabhat Kumar, Dr Amit Patil, Dr Binay Kumar. Start date 06.02.2021, Submitted on 06/01/2022.
  7. Study of epiphyseal fusion of related bones around elbow and wrist joint: A cross sectional study in age group 16-20 years. Dr S Vigneshwaran. Start date 11.03.2021, Submitted on 20/07/2022.
Research Projects (Ongoing):-
  1. Understanding the clinicopathological profile of death due to fatal fungal disease by pathological autopsy at AIIMS Patna. Dr. Binay Kumar, Dr. Punam Prasad Bhadani, Dr. Tarun Kumar, Dr. Subhash Kumar, Dr. Vijay Kumar, Dr. Amit Patil, Dr. Ashok Kumar Rastogi, Dr. Nikhil Goel, Dr. Nilabh Prasad Singh. Sent for IEC on 02/07/2021.
  2. Study of different stages of epiphyseal fusion of upper end of radius and ulna and their fusion with respective metaphysis in 04-19 years- A cross sectional study at tertiary care centre in Patna, Bihar. Dr. Keshav Chandra. Start date- 05/01/2022.
  3. Forensic evaluation of Saggital suture fusion age between 3rd to 7th decade using multidetector computed tomography scan. Dr. Shashank Ranjan. Start date- 30/05/2022.
  4. Correlation of time since death by morphological changes in red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in the environment of Patna. Dr. Rahul Bhaira. Start Date- 14/12/2022.
  5. To Study the pattern of cardiac pathology in Sudden death (An Autopsy based study) at tertiary care hospital, AIIMS Patna (Bihar). Dr. Ashok Kumar Rastogi, Dr. Amit Patil, Dr. Binay Kumar, Dr Nawal Kumar Singh. Start Date: 19/07/2021
Publications :-
  1. Rastogi A.K., Binay Kumar, Patil Amit, Nirala Santosh, Nikhil Goel. Understanding of Undergraduate Students at All India Institute of Medical Science Regarding Child Sexual Abuse by Older Children / Abused When Alone / Abused When Outside Home. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). 2022:(11)11; 830-1.
  2. Rastogi A.K, Patil A, Binay Kumar.et al. Doctors as expert witness and its value in justice with recent amendments. - A review literature. international journal of recent scientific research. 2022: Vol. 11, Issue, 04 (F); 38345-38346,
  3. Rastogi A, Bashar M, Sheikh N. Relation of Primary Fingerprint Patterns with Gender, and Blood Group: A Dermatoglyphic Study from a Tertiary Care Institute in Eastern India. Cureus 15(5): e38459. DOI 10.7759/cureus.38459
  4. Amit Patil, Nilabh Prasad Singh, Nawal Kumar Singh. Unusual case of a survivor of a self-inflicted suicidal cut-throat injury. Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vil. 39 No.2, July-December 2022:140-143. DOI No: 10.5958/0974-4568.2022.00054.0
  5. Manjhi P, Patil A. Forensic Pharmacovigilance: An evolving subspecialty. Int J Cur Res Rev, Nov 2022, Vol 14 Issue 22; 1-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR.2022.142201
  6. Patil A, Narang H, Ranjan R, Kumar P. Rare Inward Compression Fracture of Hyoid Bone In Hanging: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Indian Acad Forensic Med. 2022 July-Sept 44 (3): 94-98. DOI:10.5958/0974-0848.2022.00089.6.
  7. Rastogi A, Kumar T, Patil A, et al. (January 12, 2023) Deciding the Cause of Death in a Victim of a Road Traffic Accident Became Difficult Due to Interventions: A Case Report. Cureus 15(1): e33716. DOI 10.7759/cureus.33716. [PubMed Central]
  8. Patil A, Singh N, Vigneshwaran S, et al. Sudden Death Due to Cardiac Tamponade Secondary to Myocardial Infarction Ventricular Wall Rupture. Cureus 14(10): e30288. DOI 10.7759/cureus.30288. [PubMed Central]
  9. Patil A, Singh NP. Death certification errors in medical certificates of cause of death related to COVID-19 disease. Int J Community Med Public Health 2022;9:3746-52. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20222566 Kumar B, Singh NP, Singh N, et al. Importance of Crime Scene Visits by a Forensic Medicine Expert: A Survey- Based Study. Cureus 2022; 14: e26775.
  10. Kumar B, Prasad I, Priyambada P, Goel N. Child sexual abuse laws in India; Failure of Implementation – A case report. Medico-legal Journal. 2022;0(0).DOI:10.1117/258172221114991.
  11. Kumar B, Kumar A, Singh NP, et al. Modern Mortuary Complex Plan in Covid-19 Era. J Indian Acad Forensic Med 2022; 44: 78–86.[IF- 0.12]
  12. Pathak MK, Kumar B, Narang H. “Autopsy Report of Sudden Death with Findings of Polyembolokialomania- A rare psychiatric disorder” Published in:Indian Journal of Forensic medicine and Toxicology, Vol 15 issue no. 3 July-September 2021: 3579-85
  13. Sudhakar TS, Pathak MK, Narang H. Current Scenario and Proposed Solutions Amidst Covid-19 Dead Body Management. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 20(6)(1): p 45-8. e-ISSN 2279-0861 DOI: 10.9790/0853-2006014548
  14. Pathak MK, Narang H. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Field of Forensic Medicine. October-December 2021: Medico-legal Update. 2021: 21(4):56-65.
  15. Pathak MK, Singh R R, Narang H, Chandra K. The Necessity of the Autopsy in Clinical Diagnosis. HSOA Journal of Forensic, Legal & Investigation Sciences. 2021; 7:58; 1-5.
  16. Pathak MK, Narang H, Priyambada P. Fertility Fraud: The Emerging Corollary. International Journal of Scientific Research; January 2022:11(1): 1-2.
  17. Kumar G, Kumar A, Patil A, Kumar B, Kumar A. Evaluation of Pubic Angles of the Pelvis and its values for Gender Determination using Digital Radiographs of Indian Population of Bihar. J Punjab Acad Forensic Med Toxicol 2021;21(2) ISSN: 0972-5687 DOI:10.5958/0974-083X.2021.00056.X
  18. Patil A, Narang and Vigneshwaran S. Autopsy dissection techniques and investigations in deaths due to COVID-19 triggered fungal infections - A diagnostic review. Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine 2021;8(4):207–213. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2021.043
  19. Kumar G, Kishore K, Kumar A, Patil A, Kumar S, Kumari M, Kumar A, Kumar R. Waive off or conduct a medicolegal autopsy in suspected, probable or confirmed COVID-19 patients - A dilemma for Forensic Pathologists in an Indian scenario. J Indian Acad Forensic Med. 2021 Jan-Mar; 43(1): 76-81 doi:10.5958/0974-0848.2021.00019.1
  20. Patil A, Ranjan R, Kumar P, Narang H. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Post-Graduate Medical Education and Training in India: Lessons Learned and Opportunities Offered. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2021;12:809-816 https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S320524. [PubMed Indexed, IF – 1.11 cite factor]
  21. Patil A, Himanshi N, Ranjan R. “Ethical dilemmas apocalypse amidst covid19 pandemic”, 2021. International Journal of Current Research, 13, (05), 17235-17239. http://www.journalcra.com/article/ethical-dilemmas-apocalypse-amidst-covid19-pandemic 10.24941/ijcr.41284.05.2021
  22. Kumar A, Kumar K, Kumar G, Kumar N, Patil A, Kumar B, Rastogi A. “Tele-Evidence” or Traditional method of attending Court Summons: A Comparative Study. J Punjab Acad Forensic Med Toxicol 2020;20 (2). DOI:10.5958/0974-083X.2020.00109.0
  23. Shrestha R, Patil A. Dignified Management of the Dead in Disasters. J For Med Sci Law 2021; 30(1):51-53.
  24. Dr Kumar B, Dr Kumar A, Dr Singh NP, Dr Gupta RB, Dr Goel N, Singh NK.Modern mortuary complex plan in COVID- 19 era. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine (Accepted for publication).[IF- 0.12]
  25. Dr Kumar A, Dr Kumar B, Dr Patil A, Dr Rastogi AK, Dr Kumar P, Dr Kumar G. Estimation of stature from foot print: a study on medical students of Bihar. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine (Accepted for publication).[IF- 0.12]
  26. Dr Kumar G, Dr Kumar A, Dr Patil A, Dr Kumar B, Dr Rastogi AK. Evaluation of pubic angles of the pelvis and its values for gender determination using Digital Radiographs of Indian population of Bihar. Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology (Accepted for publication). [IF- 0.08]
  27. Pathak M, Kumar B, Narang H. Autopsy report of sudden death with findings of Polyembolokailomania- A rare psychiatric disorder. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. July-Sep, 2021; 15(3): 3579-85. [IF- 0.25]
  28. Kumar B, Kumar A, Kumari V, Rastogi A, Himanshi. Medico-legal institute: A need of state. Medico-legal update. July- Sep, 2021; 21(3):181-7. [IF- 0.155]
  29. Kumar B, Kumar A, Kumari V, Rastogi A, Kumar N, Himanshi. Misinterpretation of section 304A IPC vis-à-vis 304 IPC in Medical Negligence cases- Deliberate or inadvertent. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. April-June, 2021;15(2): 3970-77.[IF- 0.25]
  30. Kumar B, Kumar A, Kumari V, Rastogi AK, Himanshi. Medicolegal institute: a need of state. medicolegal update. July-sept,2021(3):181-7.
  31. Kumar B, Kumar A, Kumari V, Rastogi AK, Kumar N. Misinterpretation of section 304A IPC vis-a- vis 304 IPC in medical negligence cases- deliberate or inadvertent. Indian journal of forensic Medicine & Toxicology.april-june,2021;15(2):3970-77.
  32. Kumar A, Kumar B, Patil A, Rastogi AK. Estimation of stature from footprint: study on medical students of Bihar. Journal of Indian academy of forensic medicine (accepted for publication).
  33. Kumar G, Kumar A, Kumar B, Patil A, Rastogi AK. Evaluation of pubic angle of pelvic and its values for gender determination using digital radiographs of Indian population of Bihar. Punjab academy of forensic medicine. (Accepted for publication).
  34. Kumar B, Kumar A, Singh NP, Gupta RB, Goel N, Singh NK. Modern Mortuary Complex Plan in Covid-19 Era. (Accepted for publication in Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine on 21st March 2022.

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